解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Recent literature has urged caution in the interpretation of vancomycin serum concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), because falsely elevated levels in excess of 70% have been reported with the most commonly used fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The purpose of this study was to ev...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199804000-00016
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a sensitive and specific method for analyzing a serotonin reuptake blocker, citalopram, and its active metabolite, desmethylcitalopram, in human serum. For high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, samples and standards are prepared with ASPEC automatic sample preparator using 100 m...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199802000-00005
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simplified pharmacokinetic methods have been used to estimate caffeine clearance in subjects with liver disease. There is a need to have a reliable, easy to implement method for research and possible clinical use. This study evaluates the use of Bayesian pharmacokinetic forecasting techniques to estimate caffeine clea...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199802000-00015
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the principle that vancomycin therapy requires sustained therapeutic concentrations while avoiding high peaks, some authors reported that optimal vancomycin levels could be ensured by measuring trough levels alone (Cmin). The aim of this work was to assess the performance of a one-compartment Bayesian forecas...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199712000-00002
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of isepamicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), microbiological assay (MA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in healthy volunteers after administration of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular dosages once daily for 10 days. Plasma samples were collec...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199712000-00012
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that lamotrigine (LTG) may enhance the toxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ) by increasing the concentration of the active metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) in adult patients. The authors investigated this hypothesis in an add-on study in 11 children and 3 adolescents, aged 6-22 years, who...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199710000-00002
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sirolimus is a new immunosuppressive drug that has been evaluated in animal experiments. The current study was conducted on humans with reformulated sirolimus in doses from 3 mg/m2 to 15 mg/m2. Sixteen renal transplant recipients were included in this phase I study to determine the safety, tolerance, and preliminary p...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199708000-00007
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity from ingestion of the oleander plant is common. Oleandrin, the oleander glycoside, has structural similarity to cardiac glycoside digoxin and is known to cross react with various digoxin immunoassays. The authors studied the cross reactivity of oleandrin and its deglycosylated congener oleandrigenin with a fl...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199708000-00017
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lamotrigine (LG), phenytoin (PY), carbamazepine (CM), and carbamazepine epoxide (CE) are measured with an optimized procedure that uses thin sorbent extraction disks and a highly selective, sterically protected bonded silica high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Routinely, serum (200 microliters at pH ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199706000-00009
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a case of furosemide possibly inhibiting the hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin. The initiation of furosemide dosing in a patient receiving a stable dose of warfarin was associated with an 28% decrease in the international normalized ration (INR). Using normal volunteers, two previous controll...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199706000-00019
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective study over 6 months, the relationship between serum lipid parameters and CsA whole blood trough concentrations was investigated in 39 renal transplant recipients receiving a triple immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin (CsA), azathioprine and prednisone. CsA trough concentrations were measured wi...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199704000-00004
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When first approved, the dosing regimens for zidovudine were 1,200-1,500 mg/day; however, because toxicity developed, the daily dose had to be reduced to 500-600 mg/day. At these lower doses, plasma concentrations for a considerable segment of the dosing interval are often below the assay sensitivity for the high-perf...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199704000-00014
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to evaluate the isolated placental lobule to study maternofetal transplacental digoxin transfer and accumulation in placental tissue in vitro. Digoxin passage across the isolated lobule of 10 human placentas was calculated from repeated fetal and maternal perfusate samples, and placental tissue digoxin con...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199702000-00002
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An epileptic patient well controlled on valproic acid (VPA) developed a prolonged episode of status epilepticus 12 days after initiation of 75 mg of clomipramine (CMI) to treat depression. Serum level of VPA in the emergency room was unchanged from her previous levels; serum level of CMI was very elevated despite the ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199702000-00012
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sirolimus (rapamycin, RAPA) is a natural fermentation product (macrolide antibiotic) that has demonstrated potent immunosuppressive activity. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for analysis of the drug in whole blood. The samples are purified by using liquid-liquid extra...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199702000-00022
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted to determine whether assay-specific quantitative differences exist in the determination of vancomycin serum concentrations obtained from patients with renal dysfunction. Vancomycin serum concentrations were obtained during the first week of therapy for each of three time intervals: 48-96 h, 96-14...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199612000-00004
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six groups of six male Wistar rats were administered methadone in their drinking water over the concentration range 0-0.25 mg/ml. Hair and trunk blood samples were collected after a 6-week period of drug administration. Immunoreactive methadone was measured by radioimmunoassay and methadone and its major metabolite, 2...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199612000-00014
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of renal function and relating this parameter to amino-glycoside clearance is important for an appropriate individualization of dosage regimens in patients with impaired renal function. However, it has been suggested that in cystic fibrosis (CF), creatinine clearance (CrCl) is not a good predictor of tobram...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199610000-00007
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible occurrence of a kinetic interaction between cyclosporine A and glibenclamide was assessed by reviewing data of six posttransplant diabetic patients who received the two drugs concurrently. Coadministration of the two drugs resulted in a 57% increase in the steady-state plasma cyclosporine levels despite n...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199610000-00017
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the first drug approved for the prevention of renal allograft rejection in the United States in the last 10 years. MMF is the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and is a selective, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is critic...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00007
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the evaluation and interpretation of pharmacokinetic data reliable quantitative determinations are a requirement that can only be met by well-characterized and fully validated analytical methods. To cope with these requirements a method is being established that is based on an integrated and automated fiber-optic ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00017
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Designer drugs of the methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine type are increasingly abused. Studies on their metabolism in humans are necessary to develop a reliable gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening procedure. Such a method must allow their detection in urine for drug testing in clinical and forensic tox...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00027
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The commonly used immunosuppressive regimen after orthotopic heart transplantation consists of cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine (AZA), and steroids. Although AZA therapy is generally regarded as unproblematic, its use can be associated with severe side effects, particularly myelosuppression. Since AZA is a prodrug, wh...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199606000-00002
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is a potentially useful alternative to theophylline for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity because of its lower toxicity and longer terminal half-life. Monitoring of salivary caffeine concentrations is less invasive than blood sampling, especially in very sick premature neonates. Caffeine ci...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199606000-00012
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of carbamazepine coadministration on plasma concentrations of trazodone and its active metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) were studied in six depressed patients treated with trazodone. The daily dose of trazodone was 150 mg in three cases and 300 mg in three cases. Carbamazepine, 400 mg/day, was coad...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199604000-00010
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma clonazepam (CZP) and its metabolite [7-aminoclonazepam (7ACZP) and 7-acetamidoclonazepam (7AACZP)] concentrations were measured during a single dosing interval in 10 pediatric epilepsy patients (2-18 years, 11-102 kg) who had been receiving CZP therapeutically from 2 weeks to 4 years. These concentrations were ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199602000-00001
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed-effect modeling has been suggested as a possible tool to detect and describe drug interactions in patient populations receiving drug combinations for the treatment of disease states. The mixed-effect modeling program, NONMEM, was used to measure the effects of the well-known digoxin-quinidine and digoxin-verapam...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199602000-00008
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major goal of immunosuppressive development is improved selectivity of the drug's inhibitory action against T and B cell-mediated as opposed to nonspecific granulocyte-, monocyte-, and macrophage-mediated resistance. This enterprise demands increased knowledge of alloantigen-induced stimulation, signal transductio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199512000-00002
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::OKT3 is a murine monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin IgG2a isotype. The target of OKT3, CD3, is a 17-20 kilodalton (kD) molecule that is part of a multimolecular complex found only on mature T cells and medullary thymocytes. This complex is uniquely situated next to the T-cell receptor for antigen. An interactio...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00007691-199512000-00012
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bayesian estimation (BE) of pharmacokinetic parameters enables the clinician to adjust the dosage of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) to correct the inter- and intraindividual variation of concentrations that are responsible for severe toxicity. In this study of 672 HDMTX infusions, we validated an approach that consist...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199510000-00007
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An accurate and specific liquid chromatographic method for the separation and analysis of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers of both aminoglutethimide (AG) and its acetylated metabolite (AcAG) in plasma, saliva, and urine is described. The separation was achieved by use of two serial Chiralcel OD columns [cellulose tris(3,...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199510000-00017
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stability of two new immunosuppressants, tacrolimus and cyclosporin G (CsG), was evaluated in whole blood following incubation of patient specimens at ambient temperature or 4 degrees C for time periods of 2 (48 h) and 7 days (168 h) after collection. No decrease in CsG concentrations was noted over a 7-day period...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199508000-00008
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric patients with leukemia, other malignancies, and rheumatological disease receive methotrexate chronically. Because of the documented correlation between methotrexate levels of compliance and clinical outcome, it is conceivable to verify appropriate systemic exposure to the drug. Saliva sampling may be of pote...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199506000-00006
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a clinically relevant suspected interaction between acyclovir and the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin (PHT) and valproic acid (VPA). In a child receiving PHT and VPA therapy, a 6-day acyclovir treatment reduced PHT and VPA plasma concentrations to subtherapeutic values. This probably worsened both clinical sta...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of storage time and temperature on the stability of FK 506 in patient blood samples and quality control samples was assessed with the Abbott IMx microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Blood FK 506 concentrations measured at days 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 were stable at room (22 degrees C), refrigerator (4 degrees C)...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199506000-00009
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During once-daily dosing regimens of aminoglycosides, administration of large single doses results in high peak levels and low 24-h trough levels. However, commercial assays for monitoring aminoglycoside levels are designed to cover the smaller range of serum concentrations usually observed during multiple daily dosin...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00007691-199504000-00005
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of appearance of cotinine in saliva and in daily collections of beard clippings was monitored by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in six volunteers who were nonsmokers following a single 30-min buccal administration of nicotine as a chewing gum. Salivary cotinine concentrations reached a plate...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199504000-00016
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three automated immunoassays for digoxin in serum were evaluated--Abbott TDxII, Baxter Stratus, and Behring OPUS. The accuracy and precision of the assays were assessed by weighed-in controls and an external quality control program. Coefficients of variation of all methods in serum were < or = 10% at weighed-in concen...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199502000-00011
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the efficacy, development of adverse effects, and possible correlation between the plasma concentration of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its major metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E), in a group of epileptic patients in whom selective increases in CBZ doses were made. Eighteen patients with refracto...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Itraconazole is a new triazole antifungal agent. Active orally, this drug is effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens that includes Aspergillus species, and its use in leukemic and AIDS patients is currently on the increase. Oral itraconazole absorption presents up to threefold interindividual variation in m...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199412000-00011
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00